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Nicole Mitchell

Research Scientist

Google Research

About

I am a Research Scientist at Google Research. Much of my work has focused on data privacy and provenance. I’ve most recently worked on improving privacy auditing of LLMs to better detect leakage and inform our understanding of practical risks — this approach also allows for investigating the memorization properties of models. Previously, I led an effort on “models that forget,” leveraging modularity and unlearning to control data influence and address privacy and policy challenges.

I joined Google in 2021 as an AI Resident, working on compression for federated learning. My work applied rate–distortion theory to reduce client communication costs without sacrificing model performance. I continued working on federated learning for some time, exploring efficiency, model merging techniques and privacy.

Prior to this, I completed my Master of Science in Computer Science from Rice University, where I was advised by Dr. Lydia Kavraki. My master’s research in chemoinformatics applied graph theory, network science and machine learning techniques to model drugs and predict their metabolism, helping inform the safety and efficacy of medicines. While at Rice, I competed in NCAA Division I Track & Field.

I am currently open to opportunities for research positions. Broadly, I am excited about research that uses both theory and empirical tools to design informed, efficient and safe machine learning systems. I am excited about applications to science, health and the environment, and care about how my work fits in the socio-technical landscape.

Outside of research, you can find me running around in the mountains. Most notably, I hiked the Pacific Crest Trail in summer 2025. I drew the landscapes I passed through and wrote about the experience on Substack.

Interests

  • Memorization
  • Data privacy & provenance
  • Data attribution
  • Efficiency
  • Federated Learning

Education

  • MS in Computer Science, May 2020

    Rice University

  • BS in Computer Science, December 2018

    Rice University

Publications

Advancing the State-of-the-Art in Empirical Privacy Auditing

Learning with User-Level Differential Privacy Under Fixed Compute Budgets

Redirection for Erasing Memory (REM): Towards a Universal Unlearning Method for Corrupted Data

DrJax: Scalable and Differentiable MapReduce Primitives in JAX

Examining Data Compartmentalization for AI Governance

JaxPruner: A Concise Library for Sparsity Research

Machine Unlearning Doesn't Do What You Think: Lessons for Generative AI Policy, Research, and Practice

Leveraging Function Space Aggregation for Federated Learning at Scale

Towards Federated Foundation Models: Scalable Dataset Pipelines for Group-Structured Learning

How Federated Learning Protects Privacy

Experience

 
 
 
 
 

Research Scientist

Google Research

Jun 2022 – Present San Francisco, CA

Advancing Formal Privacy and Empirical Privacy Auditing

  • Investigated how to best scale user-level differentially private training to LLMs under fixed compute budgets. SaTML 2025 paper.
  • Improved privacy auditing methods for LLMs to better detect data leakage and inform practical understanding of model risk. Proposed a simple and effective canary design that leverages high-temperature sampling to yield highly sensitive synthetic probes for detecting privacy leakage. Presented and evaluated an improved approach for auditing synthetically generated data. Investigated memorization properties of language models using these privacy-auditing techniques. Under review at EMNLP 2026.

Models that Forget Innovation Pod

  • Led a research effort leveraging modularity and unlearning to control data influence and address privacy and policy challenges. 1 of 4 proposals of bold new research directions selected from 56 submissions across the organization. Built team of collaborators, drew connections across orgs, charted out research roadmap, secured buy-in from leadership.
  • Proposed data compartmentalization as a strategy for AI Governance, presenting a taxonomy mapping governance needs to technical requirements and relevant strategies. Presented at GenLaw@ICML 2024.
  • Documented internal use cases for unlearning and scoped out partnerships through discussions with product teams.
  • Hosted 3 student researchers, investigating approximate unlearning for robustness and certifiable unlearning for privacy. ICLR 2026 paper.
  • Contributed to an internal effort on modular continual learning.

Federated Learning

  • Published an interactive blog post on federated learning. Through interactive visualizations the piece allows readers to wrestle with data privacy concerns, learning how FL aims to mitigate them while introducing trade-offs.
  • Developed infrastructure to support scaling up federated learning simulation to datasets and models orders of magnitudes larger than previously used. Released an open source library, Dataset Grouper, for partitioning existing flat datasets into group-structured datasets. NeurIPS Benchmarks & Datasets 2023 paper.
  • Led a student researcher project to explore new algorithms for merging models in federated learning, drawing upon ideas in meta-learning. TMLR 2024 paper.
 
 
 
 
 

AI Resident

Google Research

Feb 2021 – Jun 2022 San Francisco, CA

Compression for Federated Learning

  • Designed a custom compression method for client updates in federated learning to reduce the communication cost from 32 bits per model parameter to 0.1 bits without degrading accuracy on several benchmarks.
  • Implemented compression-based aggregation methods for federated learning in TensorFlow Federated. This involved: custom TF ops hosted in TensorFlow Compression, TensorFlow Federated logic, and robust integration tests for system compatibility.
  • Presented this work to internal and external audiences. Selected to give an oral presentation at the Google Research Conference. Oral presentation at ICLR 2022 TinyPapers.
  • Integrated custom compression method into Google’s federated learning production system.
 
 
 
 
 

Graduate Research

Kavraki Computational Robotics, AI and Biomedicine Lab, Rice University

Jan 2019 – May 2020 Houston, TX

Drug Metabolism Prediction Using Graph-based Learning

  • Built a deep graph convolutional network (GCN) using Pytorch to predict drug metabolism.
  • Proposed the use of molecular representations learned through GCNs to identify metabolically labile atoms. Compared to traditional feature extraction methods.
  • Completed written thesis and oral defense in April 2020.

Developing Civic Scientist Leaders Program

  • One of ten graduate students selected to participate in a weekly seminar at the Baker Institute for Public Policy to learn about the federal policymaking process and develop critical leadership skills to advance science as a public good.
 
 
 
 
 

Software Engineering Intern

iCloud Storage Analytics, Apple

May 2018 – Aug 2018 Cupertino, CA

Anomaly Detection on Time-Series Metrics

  • Developed and implemented an anomaly detection system to automatically detect regressions in quality of service among subsets of our network and generate reports to alert iCloud engineers. Deployed system surfaces one to two critical issues each day that otherwise went unnoticed.
  • Presented work to ~30 engineers at iCloud and individually to the Vice President of iCloud.
 
 
 
 
 

Undergraduate Research

Kavraki Computational Robotics, AI and Biomedicine Lab, Rice University

Jan 2018 – Dec 2018 Houston, TX

Benchmarking an Incremental Docking Protocol

  • Improved an incremental docking protocol (DINC) which computationally predicts how peptides bind to protein receptors. Experimented to identify unexpected behavior; strengthened the robustness of DINC by handling these edge cases.
  • Evaluated the latest version of DINC by designing re-docking experiments and writing scripts to automate these tests on the XSEDE Comet Supercomputer. BMC Molecular and Cell Biology 2019 paper.